I am also experiencing this problem since yesterday on two computers. I know exactly what caused the problem to start happening, because I replicated it on the second computer. Now I have to figure out how to fix it.
For the record, in case the iWork engineering team is watching:
1. I opened a Numbers document from iCloud.
2. I attempted to Duplicate that document by pressing Shift-Command-S.
3. The progress bar dialog appeared saying that it was duplicating the document, but the progress bar just got stuck. After an hour it was still there. Numbers had obviously hung.
4. I force-quit Numbers by option-control-clicking on its icon in the Dock.
5. Ever since, Numbers crashes on startup with the following message in the crash log:
*** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[SFUDateFormat decimalPlaces]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x10014020'
6. I deleted all Numbers preference files from the Preferences folder. It didn't help.
7. I turned off Document & Data syncing in iCloud. It didn't help.
8. Opening the same document on another machine and repeating above caused the exact same thing to happen. It appears that there was some corruption about that document that caused Duplicate to fail. Immediately previously to this problem, I had Duplicated several other documents and saved them successfully.
The problem with Numbers is isolated to the user account I was using when I force quit the application. Numbers continues to work fine on other user accounts on the same machine.
Now I'm off to try a few solutions to get Numbers working again.