OK. I've been in research mode for a while now and although this may have been said in pieces, I'd like to offer this compilation of information for both affected users and for Apple employees monitoring this discussion.
1) The overall problem appears to be caused by the discreet GPU being exposed to extreme heat. Eventually, the GPU itself is damaged *or* the solder points are compromised. Either way, you get a graphics failure followed by a kernel panic.
2) Some have said that Mavericks is the cause of the heat. This may have some validity because Mavericks taxes the discreet GPU more often and therefore more heat is generated.
3) Some have said it is the amount of thermal paste and/or method Apple used to apply the paste that has led to less than satisfactory heat transfer to the heat sync.
4) Some have said that thermal paste naturally dissipates/breaks down over time and this in and of itself can add heat to the core of a MacBook Pro.
5) Some have said that the fans and airflow design are less than satisfactory to handle the heat generated by the MacBook Pro components.
6) Some have said using a MacBook Pro in a warm environment or on a surface that traps heat (such as on a bedspread, lap, wood table, etc.) adds to the build up of heat inside a MacBook Pro.
7) There is no doubt that the more heavy-duty users generate more CPU and GPU cycles that add to the internal heat in a MacBook Pro (or any computer for that matter).
I believe all the above contribute to the premature failure of the MacBook Pro graphic systems. Your combination may be different, but the result is eventually the same.
So, depending on how "hard" you drive your Mac cumulatively will determine when (or if) your MacBook Pro will fail with this issue.
WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT?!
As Apple, and most other manufacturers these days, do not work at a detailed level of compoents on a board, the "repair" is to replace the entire logic board. Yes, it is overkill, but it is the only way to handle mass produced products. (I remember TV and stereo repair shops. Notice how they have virtually disappeared...)
The question is why consumers are being asked to pay for what ultimately is an inherent design flaw. I doubt Apple could have tested to prevent this up front, as it took approximately tow years of average use to start to see this manifest itself. But, at some point they will have the evidence they need to call this a PROBLEM.
Although my faith is shaken right now, I still have belief that Apple will get to a tipping point here and take care of their users. Apple used to "listen" faster, but I also understand that they need to be fiscally responsible before handing our shareholder "money".
POSITIVE ACTION!
We need to continue to promote new people to submit their issues through channels, use this discussion form productively and TAKE GOOD NOTES on each of our cases. A Genius told me the notes I showed him will be my saving grace. YMMV.
My own two cents...
1) Re-applying thermal paste would possibly reduce heat generation, but it is not sanctioned by Apple and would likely void warranty *or* any special program by Apple.
2) Reflowing (remelt existing solder to get rid of fractures and cold joints) would possibly "fix" graphics, but it is not sanctioned by Apple and would likely void warranty *or* any special program by Apple.
3) Reballing (replacing the solder points) would likely "fix" graphics, but it is not sanctioned by Apple and would likely void warranty *or* any special program by Apple.
4) Replacing the logic board would certainly put you at ZERO on the damage done by heat meter, but if the logic board design hasn't changed, you may end up hitting the same thermal threshhold and need to repeat the process.
Now, perhaps, just perhaps, Apple figures this out and they do a modification to the logic board production, such as: (a) change the GPU to a model that produces less heat, (b) use better heat sync components, (c) change fans to move more air, and/or (d) use different solder that doesn't break down. Then replacing the logic boards might be a permanent solution for us unlucky soles with these dead/dying MacBook Pros.
Thoughts?
For now, I am begrudgingly running my hobbled MBP in INTEGRATED GRAPHICS mode without any problems. Yes, it stinks, but I am not out any money and I don't lose my machine for days on a repair that will likely fail again.