POSSIBLE FIX!!!
I already wrote this in a smaller thread about the same issue and didn't read all pages here, but maybe no one here has posted the method I used:
So I have had the exact same problem, which started about 3 months ago. My GPU failed, and my MBP didn't work anymore. Crazy lines on my screen, crashes, and often it didn't boot at all. Fortunately, I had Bootcamp installed with a windows partition. Somehow Windows 7 was slightly more functional than the Mac OS. I downloaded the AMD automatic detection and driver update software here:http://support.amd.com/en-us/download
I uninstalled current drivers, then had to try 3 times to reinstall the latest version, because the first 2 times my MBP just crashed during the dowloading. But eventually it worked! I rebooted windows, and somehow after that my Mac OS was working perfectly fine too! To be sure I was using the AMD card, I played some video games that only the discrete GPU (the AMD Radeon card) would be able to handle. (There is also an integrated Intel HD card).
The problem occurred again unfortunately, and the second time was worse than the first time. I ran a check at the Apple store, and according to the test my GPU was broken and had to be replaced. However, I could not fix it for free and did not have the 560 euros required. So I tried to fix it myself, and it worked! I did almost the same as before. Here follows my description of what I did:
Windows could not boot at all, and if I wanted to boot my Mac OS all I got was weird lines and then a grey screen. The solution was to boot Mac OS while holding Shift+cmd+V. It allowed me to boot my Mac OS in an unstable but functional way. Note that I had to boot a couple of times this way to get the mac OS to work. Then I downloaded gfxCardStatus here:https://gfx.io
The gfxCardStatus allows us to turn off the faulty AMD card and run the Mac OS on the integrated GPU. This works just fine for many tasks, and it is stable for me. But definitely not desirable, because now the MBP has very weak GPU. After this I could reboot in Windows again, to be sure I used safe mode. It told me that there had been problems, and asked me if I wanted to return to a previous version of my Windows partition. I said yes, and rebooted Windows. I reinstalled the AMD drivers again, and after that Windows told me that the GPU was working properly. To be sure I tried an intensive video game, and it was working perfectly! I rebooted, and Mac OS worked perfectly again too. With gfxCardStatus I can turn on the AMD Radeon card, and it is perfectly stable!!! I think that if the problem happens again, I can just repeat this process and it will be fixed again.
Most people here probably don't use bootcamp, and it is ridiculous to need it for a functional GPU. But if you manage to run your Mac OS on the integrated card via gfxCardStatus, you can probably try to install bootcamp and windows. It takes some effort, but I believe this way you can consistently bring the problem under control.
I hope this helps some people!!