For speeds up to 16.7 MB/sec (the limit of the Beige G3) a 40-wire cable on a 40-pin cable can be used. It is a good idea to keep cable lengths under 18 inches if possible, but some users have gone a little longer without a problem. Some users swear by round cables because they say airflow improves.
For actual transfer speeds above 16.7 MB/sec, an 80-wire cable on a 40-pin header is used. The header connects the roughly five existing grounds so that each signal has a ground between it and the next signal. High-tech plastics like teflon are sometimes used to more carefully control capacitance between conductors.
Just having a drive
rated faster that 16.7 MB/sec does not mean it will transfer at that rate in a beige G3. Almost all drives are backward-compatible, and will transfer at the rate of the slowest device. In the beige G3, that is the built-in controller's top rate of 16.7 MB/sec, and therefore you do not need the fancier cables.
If you take that same highly-rated drive and connect it to a Controller capable of ATA-66 or faster, you suddenly need the 80-conductor cables for the same drive.
Faster cables often have a key or blocker installed in one position. This is intended to help us not use the wrong cable, but it is brain-damaged. The better cables generally work fine with the older drives and controllers, and this keying method does not lock out old, inadequate cables from being used with faster drives and controllers.