With those two machines, I would consider "speed" as secondary in terms of making a decision. There's not a huge difference in terms of performance between the two processors. The i7 is technically more powerful. As Bimmer 7 Series indicated, the SSD in the i5 Retina will make the machine seem much faster. More significant are the differences in the displays, upgrade options, and the optical drive. With the Retina, you get an amazing display, but you're giving up the optical drive and your upgrade options are limited. You can't upgrade the RAM as it is soldered to the logic board. As you've indicated you are looking at the 128GB version of the Retina, your storage space is fairly limited. I can't speak to what your usage is, so you would need to determine if that will meet your needs. The SSD can be upgraded, but not buy Apple. You need to purchase an upgrade SSD from a third party vendor.
With the 13" MacBook Pro (non-Retina), you can replace the hard drive with an SSD so you would be eliminating that big hit you're getting with a hard drive. The faster i7 would have more of an impact at that point as your system wouldn't be bogged down with a spinning hard drive and you can upgrade the RAM should you wish to at some point. Of course you get the optical drive with the MacBook Pro as well.
The only thing you give up with the MacBook Pro vs. the Retina (at least with some upgrades) is the high-rez display in the Retina. A big part of the price for the Retina is the display. If you really have your heart set on a Retina display, then the Retina is the only way to go. If that's not such a big deal for you, the standard MB Pro gives you quite a bit more flexibility. It's worth noting that so far as standard resolution displays go, the panel in the non-Retina MB Pro is a very good display. It's still a better display than most competitors at the same resolution.