Hey Sarah,
I found an article that looks like it matches the issue you're experiencing here:
Mac OS X 10.5.5: Can't turn AirPort on after turning it off and restarting
http://support.apple.com/kb/TS2416
There are two troubleshooting routes depending on whether or not you have an Ethernet cable handy, I'll paste both below:
If you can connect to the Internet via an Ethernet cableNote: You can also use these steps if you have a MacBook Air and an Apple USB Ethernet Adapter.
- Connect an Ethernet cable to your Mac. The cable should also be connected to a router or broadband modem that provides Internet access.
- Download and install AirPort Extreme Update 2008-004.
- Once installed, turn AirPort back on via the AirPort menu or in the Network pane of System Preferences. You do not need to complete the following steps.
If you have a MacBook Air without an Apple USB Ethernet Adapter, or do not have access to a wired Ethernet connection
- From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences.
- From the View menu, choose Network.
- In the list of available network connections, select AirPort.
- Click the "-" button to remove the AirPort interface.
- Click the "+" button and add an AirPort interface.
- Click Apply.
- Turn AirPort back on via the AirPort menu, or in the Network pane of System Preferences.
- Download and install AirPort Extreme Update 2008-004.
Note: Removing the AirPort interface resets your preferred AirPort networks. You will need to add preferred networks again.
Hope that helps,
David