Hi there, I had the same problem - which turned out to be a failing hard drive - but even though I'm a tech newbie, I managed to diagnose and fix it. I googled tonnes of articles - but found these two the best:
http://www.cultofmac.com/50685/how-to-fix-common-mac-startup-problems-macrx/
http://www.macworld.com/article/2018853/when-good-macs-go-bad-steps-to-take-when -your-mac-wont-start-up.html
Here's what I did, in case it helps anyone else (or me, for that matter, in case it happens again).
1) Diagnose:
My Macbook Pro 2010 had been a bit sluggish and kept crashing (particularly in Google Chrome, but admittedly also a couple of times in MS Word). When I tried the usual reboot last week, it stopped working. I tried each and every one of the SafeBoot, recovery, fsck -fy, clearing PRAM etc options recommended in the great articles above - multiple times - but no joy. During the reboot attempts, I got a variety of:
- the Apple logo/spinning wheel
- blue screen then shutdown
- kernel panics
- no entry sign
However I tried to get to it, I realised the problem was that I couldn't locate the startup disk. I don't know how it got corrupted - maybe it was going to fail, maybe its OS just got corrupted. Whatever, I worked it out because:
- even when trying to boot from my original OS X Install CD, it wouldn't find a disk location to install on
- I couldn't access any disk to repair from Disk Utility, however I tried (and I tried multiple ways)
So I figured - because of its recent crashes, it was most probably a failing hard drive (possibly a bad SATA cable - though I googled and that wasn't a known problem on Macbook Pro 2010s, or a very remote possibility of a bad logic board).
2) Change hard drive
I decided the hard drive was the issue, and consulted my bro and a friend who know more. They agreed. Here's some advice they gave me, plus what I gleaned online:
- you can go to the Apple store and get them to change it. It'll cost you more though, because they have to charge labour.
- if you've got the right tools, then you can change the hard drive yourself. You need a very small thin Phillips screwdriver (or a small thin normal screwdriver) and a Torx 6 screwdriver (a special screwdriver in the shape of a cute six pointed star). Which, hooray, I had.
- it's pretty easy to do (and I'm a girl). Especially if you follow instructions (just google your Macbook Pro type, there's loads of great guides out there). I used this one, and felt like a rockstar:
http://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Pro+13-Inch+Unibody+Mid+2010+Hard+Drive+Repl acement/4305
- as my friend Steve advised, if you're not sure about whether you can do it yourself, just try unscrewing and taking out your bad drive. If you can get that far, then you can definitely DIY.
3) Buy replacement hard drive
After researching, I went for the Samsung 840 SSD, a solid state drive. It's more highly-specced than my Macbook can handle (it can transfer data at 6.0Gb/s, whereas my Macbook is limited to 3.0Gb/s - google the numbers and reviews for yourself), but I figured it may be useful in future. And I fancy a speed upgrade from spinning disk.
4) Install the drive then the OS X
Installing the drive was okay. I had to partition the drive and then install Snow Leopard from the original installation disk (I didn't have an online Lion recovery drive). Here's some instructions:
http://www.macinstruct.com/node/130
It worked (like a rocket, I might add) so I know now I was right, and it was the drive, not the SATA cable or logic board.
5) Restore encrypted Time Machine backup - update OS X first
But I couldn't restore from my Time Machine backup, because the Macbook wouldn't recognise my encrypted external TM drive. Oh no, yet another drive that the system won't find...? But panic not. It turns out (or at least I'm hoping it does), that my encrypted external TM backup is too advanced for Snow Leopard (OS 10.6) to recognise - you need at least 10.7 (? I think, can't quite remember what number the system message told me) for that. So here's what I did:
- installed Snow Leopard OS X 10.6
- ran software update, which brought it up to OS X 10.6.8 (necessary to access App Store)
- downloaded OS X Mavericks 10.9.1 from App Store
I'm in the middle of downloading that now (it's slow), hence giving me time to write this post. Hopefully once I've done that and installed it, I should be able to get into my external hard drive, enter my password and restore from my TM backup. Fingers crossed. Then I'll enable TRIM and see if I can install online Lion recovery mode (both of which were mentioned in the various articles I read and seem like a good thing). In fact, I've just googled and found a bunch of firmware updates (google your model, it'll bring them up) that I should probably install too.
6) Take home messages
- if you can't find your disk on startup and you've tried all the methods you can, it's probably failed (though you might check the SATA cable)
- it's easy to change a hard drive if you have the right tools
- if you've got an encrypted hard drive (like my TM backup), you need to install an OS X version that's up-to-date enough to be able to recognise it
- once you've done all of that, and restored your backup, you should enable TRIM, Lion recovery mode if you can, and install any remaining software and firmware updates. (If you've installed a non-Apple drive, remember to enable TRIM after each OS X update.)
Good luck.