It seems the warranty is no longer valid after you do any kind of power modification to Apple hardware, so I am not recommending this merely sharing some knowledge. I spent some time researching and testing solutions before I settled on the following to get the GTX 780 running in both OSX 10.8.4 and Windows 7 64 on a 2010 Mac Pro.
Avoid 6-8 pin adapters these are a bad fix, you might get enough power to start the machine but as soon as you start any serious use of the GPU the power supply will shut off because of the demand for more power than it can safely provide.
WARNING if you don't understand how this is done then don't attempt to do it. Anyone who understands how the power system operates should have no problem understanding and performing this.
Many people believe an external supply is the only solution, however if you are only adding one card then there is a simple solution if you can bare a small compromise.
I don't really use optical drives and when I need to I have external usb versions. So i removed the optical drive and made a wiring harness which would tap off the required rails from the optical drive power cable. This harness feeds the 6-pin input connector on the GTX 780. The two 6-pin cables from the Mac Pro backplane then feed the dual 6-pin to 8-pin adapter which ships with the GTX 780 which in turn plugs into the 8-pin connector on the GTX 780.
Once this is done the power requirements don't seem to exceed the Mac Pro power supply limits and all those CUDA cores can get busy. The fan noise is low even when pushed, the temperature has not exceeded what I would expect and the performance increase is excellent.
Of course anyone wanting an SLI based power solution will probably need to add a power supply, of the research I did the internal variants seemed the way to go, having a much cleaner and safer install.
Hope this helps, after spending so much time on this, it seemed worth writing down.....
Cheers
John