My power just went out for a few seconds- is there any way to restore the document I was working on?

UPS

http://www.amazon.com/CyberPower-CP1500PFCLCD-Compatible-1500VA-Tower/dp/B00429N 19W/

Mac OS X Forum

https://discussions.apple.com/community/mac_os?view=discussions

Recovery Mode

http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4718

TimeMachine 101

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT1427

http://www.apple.com/support/timemachine

General purpose Mac troubleshooting guide:

Mac OS X: Starting up in Safe Mode - http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=107393

What is Safe Boot, Safe Mode? (Mac OS X) - http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564

Isolating issues in Mac OS X

Creating a temporary user to isolate user-specific problems:

Isolating an issue by using another user account

Identifying resource hogs and other tips:

Using Activity Monitor to read System Memory and determine how much RAM is being used

Starting the computer in "safe mode":

Mac OS X: What is Safe Boot, Safe Mode?

To identify potential hardware problems:

Apple Hardware Test

General Mac maintenance:

Tips to keep your Mac in top form

You should have TimeMachine saving your work, YOU need to be doing Save As somewhere else as you work, you don't say what application and whether you have Lion 10.7 or later (10.8.4)

Can't say enough for the importance of using a UPS. Get one and plug your modem, router, computer into one and don't worry about data loss and lost modem or corruption or the effects to electronic devices.

This forum deals with a desktop/tower 65lb Mac Pro

http://www.apple.com/support/macpro

It would help if you told us which MacOs system you have on the computer. Most of the time non saved work is lost if you don't do frequent savings. Always start a new document by saving it even when it is empty.