Recently updated Iphone to 6.xx operating system and now does not sync calendar, notes etc

Do you see any errors when trying to sync the iPhone? You may have to reset the alerts to see a warning.

Also, try updating iTunes.

I finally figured out that the iPhone OS updates now have several calendars to sync with. When you are entering into your iPhone calendar you must be sure that you are entering into the calendar (usually color coded) that appears within Outlook. If it is syncing with a different colored calendar, you will not see it in Outlook unless you actually check to visualize both calendars while in Outlook. These several calendars are usually identified every time you have a new Outlook Mail account and choose to sync calendars with that mail account. I resolved this by only using one colored calendar in both Outlook and on my iPhone to ensure they are syncing with the same (and only one) calendar.

BTW, I am not using iCloud or the MC Exchange functions on my iPhone.