iTunes won't sync with iPhone

iTunes 11.0.5.5, Windows 7 Enterprise x64, iPhone 4 6.1.2 CMDA (Verizon), Lenovo ThinkPad T530.

When trying to sync "selected playlists, artists, albums, and genres", iTune seems to go through but didn't sync anything. Screen capture was recorded here: http://youtu.be/7rPc_panPPM

I've Googled and read through the support community. I've also tried many suggestions with no luck, such as:

• Reset iPhone (Press 'Power' and 'Home Button')
• Uninstall/Reinstall iTunes (and delete residual folders from hard drive)
• Restart Computer
• Toggle between "selected playlists..." and "entire music library"
• Use WiFi Sync and USB Sync
• Toggle "Sync only checked songs and videos"
• Toggle "Manually manage music and videos"
• De-authorize and Re-authorize computer
• ...

What frustrated me was - there's no log files telling me why iTunes didn't sync the file. All the 'solutions' above are like "trial and error".

Any scientific troubleshooting procedure from Apple?

Thanks!