Similar probs here on sleek new iMac, so as for our case it is not a question of upgrade to Mavericks from previous os x version. Only our gmail/googlemail mail accounts affected.
We never used nor use archiving because we have a better fashion for backing up mails.
All affected accounts use IMAP, never POP.
On the server no Archive mailbox, nor folder, nor label, nor category nor other was created
neither by user nor by system. Gmail filtering not in use - means no filters exist.
Any though the Mail shows for all those gmail/googlemail accounts the Archive mailbox
and is by some magic reason copying the new messages to the Archive mailbox.
How to get rid of this strange feature ? Because it does not delivery any value for us.
It just generates additional efforts.