At first I thought kurtkl was on something too. I unlocked my phone before taking pictures and saw that several pictures uploaded to my photo stream. But as I gathered more experience, I found that even using this method was inconsistent. MtLion1, I wonder now that some time has passed and you've taken more photos, are you seeing the same thing?
The problem with troubleshooting this bug is that the performance is inconsistent. I have tried using the camera with and without unlocking the phone, being on a wireless network and away from a wireless network, being in an area of good cell phone coverage, and no cell phone coverage. So far I have not seen a set of circumstances that consistently manifests the problem of not uploading photos to my photo stream.
According to Apple support article, http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3989 all new photos taken should upload after the photo app is closed and your device is on a wireless network. They also say that photos are only stored on their "my photo stream server" for 30 days, so be sure to take this into account with your expectations of what photo show up on your my photo stream. Once they are downloaded onto your device, they will be in your "my photo stream folder",on your device, even if they are over 30 days old. They say nothing of having to bypass the device lock screen.
I would summon up this way: Apple's implementation of "my photo stream" is buggy and inconsistent. It's also confusing a lot of people because of the nuanced differences between my photo stream, iCloud, and shared photo streams. They exacerbate this situation by providing incomplete and poor documentation on their support site.