Q: Can I share my iCloud folders with others? If so, how?

I don't know what folders you mean, but you can't share them with others without giving them your ID and password to give them total access of all your icloud data like email, contacts, etc.

This is something for the Apple engineers to answer. I too would like the ability to share folders and/or individual files a la Dropbox.

I've written about some of my complaints with the service so far on this discussion thread: Ways to make competitive with Dropbox