Q: Recently I noticed that when I change the name of a photo (correcting a mistake) it always goes back to the previous name, keeping the mistake I'm trying to correct. A spelling mistake, for example. As I keep my photos organized by name and not by date, t

Try rebuilding the iPhoto database ...

iPhoto 6 and later: Rebuilding the iPhoto library

In doing so, may help the camera card issue also.

Where/how are you trying to change the name? If it is in Finder (after you've downloaded the pics to your desktop), highlight the pic icon and press Return. the name field will change and you can type in your new name. Hit Return again. That should make it "stick".  If you're trying to do it elsewhere, please post the steps that you've tried.

As for your card: do you eject it properly? Either drag icon to trash or hit the eject symbol in the sidebar?