Apple alerted me that my ID and password have been hacked into by someone in the US downloading a free app - which arrived on my i-pad.
That certainly sounds like the symptoms of a hacked Apple ID. Note that you should not click on any of the links in the e-mail you received. Instead, go straight here:
http://appleid.apple.com
Change your password, making sure to select a strong one that cannot be guessed. Then, I'd strongly encourage you to turn on two-factor authentication to prevent people from taking total control of your Apple ID:
Apple introduces two-factor authentication
should I change my Apple ID as well.
Changing your Apple ID would mean losing all purchases you have made with your current Apple ID. That's not a solution to this problem, and will cause you other headaches.
Since then - all my emails indicate the time as an hour behind the actual time - is this related - or just a mal-functioning coincidence?
Coincidence, most likely. I can't see any reasonable way for these things to be related.
Is it possible for someone to hack into my computer using my Apple details as a way in?
If someone gets access to your iCloud account (which, for most people, is their Apple ID), they certainly may be able to hack your computer in a variety of ways. If you have turned on Back to My Mac, they can get access to your computer that way through your iCloud account. If you have turned on Find My Mac, they can locate, lock or even remotely erase your computer using your iCloud account. Both of these would be enabled - and can be disabled - in System Preferences -> iCloud.