Another instance of Norton being the culprit... I have seemed to fixed the issue on my MacBook Pro 🙂
Like most here, I tried everything - repairing permissions, restarting Time Capsule, re-indexing Spotlight, changing Privacy settings, deleted plist file, changed Base Station name (per faroutsider), deleted content that was giving mdworker errors, booted in safe mode, etc., etc., etc.
I then followed the advice of others here about removing Norton AntiVirus 12.6. I first started with disabling the Idle Time Scan and rebooted, but that didn't work. I almost was at the point of giving up and turning off Time Machine automatic backups in favor of manual ones, but I then read a couple posts about removing Norton AV entirely. I did a full uninstall and I immediately saw the results. Time Machine "Prepared" in about two minutes, and I have completed two backups after that so far. I am attempting a third backup and I am currently backed up 12GB in 22 minutes. I am on Wi-Fi only to my Time Capsule.
This may not work for everyone (some don't even own Norton), but it so far is working for me. I will post back if anything changes.
Thanks to everyone else who posted all your suggestions.