I have been reading this discussion for a while and followed all the tricks and reccomendations.
Nothig worked. I then started and an apple support chat and even though I have no account with
them they directly made an exception when I told them the problem "time machine slow after
upgrade to Mavericks". They took me through several procedures and corrected to faults on the
machine and my disk - Don't ask me for details, the chat went on for more than an hour.
NOTE: You should chat with a different machine since you will reboot you own machine
several times.
After that, the time machine still didn't work and I was handed over to telephone support.
They also found more issues (by locking themselves in to my screen - pretty amazing
but very helpful). But again, nothing accelerated the time machine.
Now, however it's flying again 🙂 🙂. I realized that I was using an Ethernet-USB adapter
and that was working fine under Mac OS 10.8 but under Maverics it just works like crab.
I bought today a Ethernet--Thunderbolt adapter and - suprise surprise, everything's
back to normal - no, even much faster!!
So my recommendation is:
1) Use the apple support chat- ask for an exception if you are not subscribed to them.
They will clean your Mac (and they guy at the chat was telling that this OUGHT to be
done once you upgrade - but who tells you?)
2) Make sure you have the newest Thunderbolt - Ethernet adapter.
Good luck
Goeran