Yes. Windows 8.1 works with external monitor. Mine is an old Acer 1920x1080.
I used some ideas from https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5490486?answerId=23548999022#23548999022. In case any one is interested, here are the steps I used to install Windows 8.1 on my MacBook Pro 15 inch, 16GB RAM, 500 GB SSD, GT 750M.
What you need:
Windows 8.1 (full version) DVD. One USB drive, One Apple USB SuperDrive (external DVD drive since MacBook Pro Retina does not have an internal DVD drive)
Steps:
1. If needed, remove existing (not properly installed) Windows by running Bootcamp Assistant.
2. Connect USB drive and Apple USB SuperDrive. Insert Windows 8.1 DVD into the SuperDrive. Run Bootcamp Assistant. Check “Download the latest Windows support software from Apple” and “Install Windows 7 or later version”. Leave the first option unchecked as we already have Windows install DVD.
3. When Bootcamp assitant reboots your machine you need to interrupt the installation. When you hear the startup sound, hold option key until it presents you with boot options.
4. Select your Macintosh HD to boot back into OSX.
5. Run Disk Utility, select the 500.28GB APPLE SSD (or the like) on the left pane, then choose the partitions tab on the right. The BOOTCAMP partition should be at the bottom. Select this partition by clicking on it. Ensure it is the highlighted partition then press minus to remove it. Drag the Macintosh HD partition so it occupies 100% of the SSD drive.
6. Click apply on the bottom right to make the changes.
7. Now press plus to add a new partition which will likely be named Macintosh HD2. Select this new partition. Rename the partition to BOOTCAMP. Change its type to ExFAT. Give it a proper size (I gave 290 GB because I mainly works with Windows).
8. Now click apply on the bottom right again to make the changes. Exit Disk Utility.
9. Reboot your Mac, press option key again during the boot and this time select the Windows device with the DVD image (not the orange USB drive) as the boot device.
10. Now it will start the install process. When it gets to the list of partition you should see four of them. You want to use the last one (BOOTCAMP) as Windows install partition. It will say it cannot install on this.
11. Make sure the fourth partition (BOOTCAMP) is selected then click format. When it is done, the error message should go away and you should be able to continue with the install.
12. When Windows install is finished, the computer will reboot a few times. You need to intervene each time by pressing option key during reboot. Select the Windows device with the picture of the hard drive as the boot device. It is silver in color.
13. During the Windows configuration process, turn off the automatic Windows update off until the bootcamp drivers are installed.
14. At the end of the installation, it will prompt you to install the Apple Bootcamp Drivers.
15. That is it. The whole process takes about one hour. You should not leave the installation unattended.