I also tested it on my second Mavericks Mac, a Macbook Pro which was never, ever, connected to a WD drive, at all. It, too, hoses external drives once connected. I don’t know since when it does that, as I never needed to connect an external drive to said Macbook Pro and only did so today, for testing purposes.
I make backups from the MyBook on a stack of USB HDD every first of each month. I did so two days ago, it worked flawlessly. I actually pulled images off said backup yesterday on the Macbook Pro that never, ever, had contact to a MyBook, and to my main iMac. I connected this very backup drive today to a Mavericks Mac, and it appears empty.
I don’t have the foggiest what’s going on here, this behaviour hasn’t appeared in one week of Mavericks on both affected computers. Since of today, it does. I haven’t installed any software updates since yesterday, and there haven’t been any power surges (my first guess). I can connect one of the remaining HDD from the backup stack to my Lion or Snow Leopard Macs just well, once I connect them to one of the Mavericks Macs, they appear empty on those Macs, too. And WD doesn’t seem to be involved, as, well, the Macbook Pro never had any dealings with WD since I got it, and there’s no software remains on the iMac, either.