kathyko2006,
were the photos in the Photo Stream your only copies of the photos? Then I see no way to get them back. The PhotoStream is a buffer to share photos and download them from, not a permanent storage.
See the Photo Stream FAQ: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4486
Most of your photos will no longer be on iCloud:
How long are My Photo Stream photos stored in iCloud?
The photos you upload to My Photo Stream are stored in iCloud for 30 days to give your devices plenty of time to connect and download them.
Where did you check your PhotoStream, on your iPhone or your Mac? The local copies may differ. If you did not delete any photos from the Photo Stream on your iPhone, it should have kept up to 1000 photos. Have you accidentally turned off your PhotoStream on your iPhone? That would have reset the stream and deleted all photos from the stream. And only the subset currently in iCloud would have been kept.
You need to download and save all photos that you want to keep on your iPhone to your Camera Roll. Only then are they backed up to iCloud, so that you could restore them, if need be.
I don't see, why not all photos from your Photo Stream have been imported to iPhoto on your mac.
Have you switched the photo stream between different iPhoto Libraries? If you have used PhotoStream with more than one iPhoto library in turn, the photos may have been imported into different iPhto libraries.
Regards
Léonie