this seems to have gone quiet, but it's the only post I've seen describing my issue, so I'll jump in and add some stuff.
My problem network is actually my local café. I'm not sure if it's because of my upgrade to Mavericks or their changing some settings (at least, they changed the password). But I'm getting exactly the problem described above on my 2011 macbook air, recently upgraded to mavericks.
Until now I've just been using personal hotspot from my phone instead (and right now to type this), but today I'm having a concerted effort to fix it and it's defeating me.
Observations: Other people are connecting fine. Including other macs, but unknown if they're running Mavericks.
My iPhone (iOS7) connects fine. I can see other people's iOS devices working fine.
Things I've tried without success:
Running wifi diagnostics as prompted. Nothing useful, but the logged error: "Error retrieving BSSID (-3903)." about which I can't find anything useful.
Removing /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration (and rebooting, so includes the test of just rebooting)
Creating a new network location
Repairing disk permissions. (suggested http://osxdaily.com/2012/02/15/fix-for-mac-os-x-not-remembering-wireless-network s/ )
Changing MTU (down to 1453 suggested http://osxdaily.com/2012/08/02/fix-os-x-mountain-lion-wireless-connection-proble ms/ )
(renewing DHCP lease irrelevant; not getting that far)
The network, although I used to connect regularly to it by its current name, is not in my remembered networks nor in my keychain access, so I can't remove it from there.
As requested earlier in this thread, airport -s:
localhost:~ rachel$ airport -s
SSID BSSID RSSI CHANNEL HT CC SECURITY (auth/unicast/group)
wtlan2 00:1e:2a:eb:ea:6e -74 6 N -- WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
BTHub3-63CF 00:81:d8:68:0d:e2 -87 6 Y -- WPA(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP) WPA2(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP)
BTWiFi 02:81:d8:68:0d:e2 -88 6 Y -- NONE
Parry 30:46:9a:3b:e2:ea -85 6,+1 Y DE WPA(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP) WPA2(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP)
smartrouter 00:0e:f4:e7:c6:82 -88 6 Y -- WPA(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP) WPA2(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP)
dome 00:80:48:7a:7e:e4 -81 3 N -- WEP
HTC network 38:e7:d8:aa:bc:2d -77 11 N -- WPA(PSK/TKIP/TKIP)
TNCAPC276EF 58:98:35:c2:76:ef -61 11 Y -- WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
BTHub3-8P32 00:81:d8:6c:2a:3a -47 11 Y -- WPA(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP) WPA2(PSK/AES,TKIP/TKIP)
BTWiFi-with-FON 12:81:d8:68:0d:e2 -83 6 Y -- NONE
TNCAP3CA8E7 a4:b1:e9:3c:a8:e7 -64 6 Y -- WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
Nyx b2:b9:31:02:66:c9 -47 6 Y -- WPA2(PSK/AES/AES)
(The target network is BTHub3-8P32)
The mac has no problems connecting to any other wifi network.