I was having this same problem for many months and thought I'd share my experience and eventual fix.
The problem I had was the wifi connectiong dropping after my mac would go to sleep. I would drop down the wifi list, and it would search and list the entire neighbourhood before it found mine (even though I had setting to look for mine first) when trying to connect to my own home network, I would get an error - "can't connect, cancel or diagnostics?".
I would click cancel and try again -- usually on the 2nd or third attempt it would eventually connect.
I didn't have the problem until I updated to Mavericks. But, I seemed to only have this issue on my home network -- working downtown in many government offices, and could connect to lots of wifi networks without any issue.
I didn't want to believe it was my router, as I wasn't having issues before the Mavericks upgrade. I tried to change the settings on my router (that was about 3 - 4 years old) to 5Ghz but another problem was hubby's lame PC latptop couldn't connect when we set it to dual mode 2.4/5Ghz.
I had bought a Time Machine last year, but since we had a working network, I had never set up the wifi part of it. But since I started having network slowness issues, I decided to shut down the old router and fire up the Time Machine router and see what happened. I set up a 5 Ghz network for me and a 2.4 Ghz for hubs, and everything is working fantastically. It's been about a week and my wifi connection hasn't dropped -- not even once. (and it's zooming fast too)
Long story short, your router may need to be updated.
Hope this helps.