You have the MacBookPro6,2, the Edsel of Macs. It may be covered by this program:
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Mid 2010): Intermittent black screen or loss of video
Make a "Genius" appointment at an Apple Store, or go to another authorized service provider, to have the machine tested. The routine hardware diagnostics used by service providers may not detect the fault. There is a specific test for this issue.
Print the support page linked above and bring it with you.
Note that the replacement program only applies within three years of purchase. If you wait beyond that date, Apple may refuse the service. In that case, you'll be quoted a price of about $300 (in the U.S.) for a depot repair. The model was discontinued in February 2011, so the replacement program will be ending quite soon.
Back up all data on the internal drive(s) before you hand over your computer to anyone. If privacy is a concern, erase the data partition(s) with the option to write zeros* (do this only if you have at least two complete, independent backups, and you know how to restore to an empty drive from any of them.) Don’t erase the recovery partition, if present.
Sometimes the replacement part is also defective, so be prepared for that possibility.
If it's too late for your unit to be repaired under the program, and you don't want to pay for a new logic board, you may be able to stop the panics by disabling
automatic graphics switching.
*An SSD doesn't need to be zeroed.