Don't erase your drives just yet! Just re-adding the backup drive solved it for me.
I got this error too. I read here that a guy with a similar setup like me (multiple macs backing up to the same drive) could be solved with some fiddling with removing the drives and re-adding them.
From the computer that failed giving error (null) I went to the Time Machine preferences and removed the active Time Capsule drive. I then proceeded to choosing a new drive for my backup, chose the exact same one, encrypted as I had it before. I was asked the password for my Time Machine and then prompted if I wanted to start a new backup or reuse the old one (at this point I think you computer must be named the same as the .sparsebundle-file on the backup drive in order to find it again). I went for the old one, typed the password of my old backup, and it reconnected and now backed up flawlessly. My old backups are still there too.
I did all this over ethernet since I've had some funny thrown-of-after-15-seconds problem on my wireless after adding a rooter two weeks back, and that it was around then that my laptop stopped backing up and producing the (null)-error.