I had this same problem with a Mac Pro 5,1 2010 model. I was unable to install Mavericks or Yosemite. It worked normally with Snow Leopard. When I tried to boot the 10.9 or 10.10 installer, the white and grey apple logo turned into a circle with slash (forbidden) symbol. I tried removing drives, RAM, etc troubleshoot. I found I could boot from a 10.10 installer on a USB drive, but only if SATA bay 1 was empty. The installer could not see any internal SATA devices which meant I had nowhere to install 10.10. I moved one of my drives to a firewire SATA dock and was able to install 10.10. It booted fine into 10.10 although a bit slowly via firewire and it would not recognize any internal SATA devices. System Profiler listed the SATA controller but all the devices were listed as unknown. I then moved the drive to internal SATA bay 1 and of course it would not boot. I saw a gray screen with a progress bar which hung about one-third of the way through. Then I got the forbidden symbol and had to force the Mac Pro to shutdown. I was ready to lug my system to the Genius bar when I found this thread.
The WiFi card in the Mac was an Apple AR5BXB6 dated 2006. The circuit board also read Atheros Communications 2005. I bought this mac used so I guess the WiFi card was added or replaced by the previous owner. Once I removed the WiFi card, the Mac booted fine into 10.10 and all SATA devices were recognized normally. Now I'm wondering is there is a compatible driver for this Airport card . . . .