synchronize iphone to outlook contacts and calendar

I have a new iPhone and the contacts were transferred from my old cell. I cannot get the outlook calendar nor the outlook contacts onto my iphone. I can't even get to iPhone information to play around with it as itunes doesn't show my iphone except when it is synchronizing and then it is gone as a device. How can I get itunes to let me look at the information to be synchronized and mostly, How can I get it to actually synchronize the icloud or even my desktop with the iphone. Now it is not synchronizing either the icloud or the desktop with the iphone. thanks for the help.