Hi.
Applications are stored in the Applications Folder
Some will be preset by Apple to be in the DOCK.
Others you can place there by opening the Applications Folder and dragging an app to the DOCK.
This does not move the app itself but places it's icon on the DOCK and creates the linkes that launch it when you click the icon.
At this point the icon normally bounces to indicate the app is starting up.
The right hand end has a divider and to the right of this is the Folder Access (your Home Folder, Applications, Utilities and Preferences are in mine).
You can add Folders here or app to the left.
Pic of My Dock and the open Application folder Dock display.
Starting from the left.
Everyone has the Finder.
Safari, Messages, LaunchPad, iTunes, iPhoto, System Preferences, FaceTime and the Contacts app are likely to be present.
You can remove them by Clicking and Holding and then Dragging off the DOCK.
On letting go there is an animated Pufff of Smoke.
Most apps you install after upgrading to Mountain Lion will also be put in the LaunchPad.
This is an app that displays the apps in a more iOS type style.
You can flick left or right to see more "pages".
9:12 pm Saturday; December 14, 2013
iMac 2.5Ghz 5i 2011 (Mavericks 10.9)
G4/1GhzDual MDD (Leopard 10.5.8)
MacBookPro 2Gb (Snow Leopard 10.6.8)
Mac OS X (10.6.8),
Couple of iPhones and an iPad