please HELP! => major disk issue - none of OSX "help" tools works (repair/time machine/reinstall)

Hello to all,

My first post, but directly with a very difficult case I suddenly encountered yesterday evening...

When, as usually I opened the lid, it turned on from sleep, as usually, however frozen suddenly... so I did hard turn off... with ON/OFF button. When it turned on again, I had no possibility to put my password, but I was directly faced with "OSX tools" with 4 options (it is in Polish so I try the translation):

1) Recover from Time Machine back up;

2) Install OSX again;

3) Get online help;

4) Disk tool;

I am totally ****** off how this could happen. There was so much stuff on the disk, including the whole Aperture libary with thousends of my daughter photos (she was born a year ago) - priceless stuff.

I would never expect Apple to give me such an "experience"... never heppened to me on any PC's before..

I have 2011 MacBook Pro 13" with Maverics.

This is what I encountered using each of solutions:

1) I use Synology DS209 for Time Machine backup (connected via Lan cable). As far as I remember backup is about 2 months old. Anyway when I choose this option. OSX tool finds the Time Machine in DiskStation, connects to "MacBook Pro" timemachine on the external disk, BUT cannot find any BACKUP further on!!!! I am lost!

2) second, but not preferred option is OSX reinstallation.After initial analysis, and conditions acceptance, I cannot choose the only disk available. I can see only "recovery disk", but when I click on it, there is a message popping up "This disk is blocked". Obviously this prevents any further activities in reinstallation;

3) Third option is BS clearly, no help at all.

4) Disk tool shows me several disks / I am not an expert, so I am not sure how to understand it (Bold is active, standard non active):

- 320,07 GB Hitach HTS54503...

- Macintosh HD

- Superdrive

------------------------------------------------

- disk1

- OS X Base System

I run "check disk" for Hitachi. No problems. Nothing to repair.

I run "check disk" for Macintosh HD => This disk requires repair. So I run "repair". Quickly I get a message "Disk Tool is unable to repair this disk. Please backup as much data as possible, format the disk and recover the files from backup"..... Really????? How can I backup any files???

DEAR COMMUNITY, please HELP!

What to do in order not to loose any data on one hand and on the other be able to use the computer again?

Please note I do not use "recovery CD" all is running without anything in CD/DVD drive.

Thanks in advance for your answers, competence and experience!

Disk tool does not give any solution, showing