I love all this speculation from those who have not seen it for themselves. I'm including you Laurence you dream boat.
It IS energy - You are guilty of a failing of imagination. When it finally comes out what's causing it - it will technically be some form of energy being expended in play within the phone itself. The phone does not replicate this activity when its off.
It has nothing to do with alerts or standard phone vibrations
It has nothing to do with external vibrations being applied
I can watch my phone travel to the edge of various flat surfaces and drop to the ground.
At some point the cause will come to light and those of us who watch it happen every day will finally know.
Also all your suggestions about where or how to place the phone... I'm sure we can work that out ourselves. That's not the mystery. Its WHY the phones can hum themselves around that is the curiosity.