Q: Connected iPad and iPhone to same iCloud account but photos don't sync...

Existing photos are not added to photo stream.  Only new photos added to the camera roll after enabling photo stream are added to your photo stream.  If you want to stream photos to your other devices that were on your device prior to enabling photo stream, you would need to add them to a shared stream and invite yourself as a subscriber, as explained here: http://help.apple.com/icloud/#/mmc0cd7e99.  Alternatively, you could use an app like PhotoSync to transfer them between your devices over wifi.

You would have to use iTunes on your Mac/PC or another photo storage and sycing service like Flickr or Dropbox for syncing your old photos between your devices. iCloud does share new photos via photo stream (the last 1.000) but won't sync old photos.

You're welcome.  They usually sync within minutes.  The servers must have been busy.