HI,
A once a week issue is just plain irritating.
You know you are going to have to dedicate time to it but at the same time when it happens is never the "right" time to do so.
The extra info does not lead me any closer to an "Ahh ha" moment unfortunately.
Mostly my experience is around iChat and therefore Messages in Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
This tends to center around input/output devices that input Audio using MIDI and using sample rates that iChat does not like. (above 48000)
Related to that is the selection process of those various devices/choices in both System Preferences and iChat or Messages.
A particular quirk is that to use a Blue Tooth Headset in iChat/Messages it must be set up as the Choice in both System Preferences > Sound Output and Input before making the same choices in the App.
You cannot set it up in the app first. For some reason it is ignored.
Another issue, (but a long way form yours) is when the System Preferences > Sound > Input is set too high for iChat or Messages.
If the blue response bar "bangs' into the right hand end the sound it clipped and the Buddy hears nothing.
As Browsers use different plug-ins for different Video content I would check that the Plug-ins are Up-to-date (and Suitable for Leopard).
With your particular set up the Google Video Plug-in for Video chats via the browser and the Flash one will conflict.
(going back to the beginning of GoogleTalk it required the Flash plug-in but later Google developed their own and the two did not play together very well.)
10:09 pm Saturday; February 15, 2014
iMac 2.5Ghz 5i 2011 (Mavericks 10.9)
G4/1GhzDual MDD (Leopard 10.5.8)
MacBookPro 2Gb (Snow Leopard 10.6.8)
Mac OS X (10.6.8),
Couple of iPhones and an iPad