You should not have damaged the components by trying to use the lower wattage charger so it was actually an easy thing to learn. Just keep in mind you can use a higher wattage charger with a lower wattage device, but the reverse is not a success path.
There are so many different chargers out now, the 5 watt iPod/iPhone, 10 watt and 12 watt iPad...30-pine and lightning connector, if you have a lot of devices keeping them straight can become a challange.
Easy solution, anytime you have a question, come on here and ask...we are all fellow users and not Apple employees and happy to share what we have learned over the years.