I don't think you can do that in one step. You can export the file, and then import it into aperture into the same project. As long as the project is being sorted by date it should end up next to the version for the raw file. You could then stack them together for convenience. If you use a managed library then you could export to desktop. When it is imported it would go into the vault I believe. If use use a referenced library you should export to the location where you would like to keep the tiffs for that project. (I do mine by date and for the tiffs have a folder with the date followed by processed.)
Once the tiff is in aperture then you should be able to have it edited by PSE and have the changes come back to aperture. Sometimes when you go back to aperture you need to move off the image and back on to it to see the effect of the edits.
It would be interesting to try that just to see what happened requesting an edit of a tiff file from your copy of aperture. (One caveat is that when aperture creates a tiff file the extension is tiff. If photoshop does it (as it would with the save as command) then the extension is tif (only one f.) While either a 2 f or one f tiff can be imported into aperture, saving a 2 f file as a one f file creates a new file which won't show up in aperture without importing it.
Those are the kind of things which Apple will hopefully address at some point as they can be confusing.