You need to tighten up your terminology in order to specify exactly the things you need, and get good results.
You do not generally use a US$50 ThunderBolt cable to connect a display. Mini DisplayPort is a simple cheap cable that is a subset of ThunderBolt, and plugs into Thunderbolt on the computer. Mini DisplayPort can be freely converted to Displayport -- it is only a re-wire, not a conversion.
Your first display can be connected with a Mini DisplayPort to Mini DisplayPort, or a Mini Displayport to DisplayPort. There is no conversion, and if you cannot get full resolution you have probably not configured it properly.
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DVI displays wider than 1920 wide require a converter to Dual-Link DVI, so called because the three pairs of data conductors are doubled to reduce overall data rates to reasonable rates. This conversion requires non-trivial electronics, and these are sold as ACTIVE, powered adapters. Apple's version sells for US$100, MonoPrice has a slightly different adapter for about US$70. Both require additional power from a USB pigtail.
Dual-Link DVI cable MUST have all the pins in the grid present. Single-Link DVI may have the center columns de-populated. (blue in the diagram below)
DVI-I is a computer OUTPUT that provides BOTH digital DVI-D and Analog VGA signals on the connector at the same time. The VGA signals are the four pins around the blade at the end of the connector plus a few from the Grid (Salmon-pink below) There are no DVI-I cables nor any DVI-I display inputs that I am aware of.

image courtesy Wikipedia
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