The drive device with both a HDD and an SSD in the same case, is called a 'fusion' drive and is somewhat different (by the tell of it) on web sites describing the technology differences between third-party and Apple's implementation of their product, Apple Fusion.
The Apple device (say, the 1TB Fusion) has about 250GB SSD with about 750GB HDD. Other brands do not usually have that large of a percentage size SSD in the case with the HDD.
I can't say how (or if) the Seagate drive would work, and/or IF the drive has the internal sensors along with appropriate wires to connect the sensor to the computer; so the temperature will be read corrrectly by the iMac. If the temperature/sensor is not correctly seen by the computer, the fans will run fast as by default.
On the OWC (macsales) site they have information about SSDs in general, along with their disclaimer citing difficulty in a user replacement of drives in troublesome configurations.
You may be able to email such a company along with information about your computer model and perhaps serial number, and ask what fusion drive would best suit the computer and still allow the sensor to work. Also, mention the broken headphone plug/jack situation, as they may (or not) have a suggestion regarding repair or the parts that may be replaced by an experienced tech, short of the logic board.
If you were considering the removal & replacement of a HDD or an SSD, had you looked to see if someone online had posted instructions on how to repair the headphone jack, or replace the logic board? Could be if the issue with the headphone jack is a broken piece of plug stuck inside, that may (or may not) require replacing the whole logic board. There are experts who have equipment to re-solder components on logic boards, as they do replace graphic cards that otherwise are considered part of the logic board when soldered on, too.
Anyway, this is well beyond earlier Macs where you could more easily open them, even then most were not really easy; they were just less difficult to access and attempt a repair. I feel lucky that my 200+ Mac repairs went as well as they did. Maybe because I wasn't doing them for money, under pressure of a time frame. And was able to use other broken computers for parts. Some would be considered relics of an earlier time, now.
Good luck & happy computing! 🙂