Google does index the web page version of the Store page, but whether you will see the results depends on how unique the title is, or the text string you are searching on. The result may be there but on page 548. There isn't really anything you can do because you can't insert any keywords or other search-enginge-friendly tags into that page. I did find someone else's podcast listed by the Store page, but my own podcast only appears - at least on the first few pages - in my own website pages or in other people's references to it.
Your best bet would be to have a website which also contains your podcast episodes - again, how easy it is to find depends on whether the text strings involved are going to bring up a lot of other items.