You might.
This is why backing up is essential prior to any upgrade or software installation. Your hard drive is being put through more vigorous use during an upgrade than any other operation. The upgrade itself may not itself cause failures, but it can certainly hasten it on an already marginal drive, that may not otherwise appear marginal.
Give yourself overnight for the upgrade to try to finish. If it does not, be prepared for possibly doing a data recovery if needed:
https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-1689
Note: Mac Pro refers to desktop machines. MacBook Pro refers to Notebooks. I believe you posted in the wrong forum. No need to repost since this thread applies to all Macs.