When you open 'Find My Friends' and look for your son, there should be an update button that look like a refresh circle with an arrow.

What happens when you tap that button?
If it continues to fail, check your son's cellular data conenction on his iPhone in Settings > Cellular. make sure it's on and Find My Friends is on at the bottom of that list.
Next check his location services. Go to Settings > Privacy > Location Services and make sure Find my Friends is turned on.
Next check the Find My Friends App on his device. Tap 'Me' at the bottom and make sure he is not turning on 'Hide My Location'. If you are trying to track you kids in stealth mode, they tend to find this feature quickly to keep them off your radar 😝
The issue you have described is related to either a voluntary 'Hide' or an issue with the cellular data since it works fine when he is at home on wifi (if you turned off wifi i'm sure you would have the same issue at home).
I hope these help.