I submitted my podcast but never received an email.

The fact that you get an error message on trying to resubmit indicates that your submission was successful. You should have received a confirmation but there's always the possibility that it's gone astray or been spam-trapped.

It can take two weeks, sometimes quite a bit more, for a podcast to be accepted, at which point you should get an email giving you the Store page URL, so check that you haven't been spam-trapping such messages. Otherwise you'll just have to try searching in the Store from time to time (though this can take a further period to become effective).