There are suggestions around that combine target disk mode with software-based RAID-1 to "RAID" a pair of Mac Mini Server systems together (one running, and one basically used as a disk enclosure), but OS X itself does not include clustering software.
Xsan is the closest to clustering that's available with OS X, and that doesn't provide exactly what you're looking for. You'd also end up with a fibre channel storage area network and related hardware, which won't be cheap.
OpenVMS-style clustering can do what you want here, but that's a completely different operating system beast and an entirely different hardware environment.
Put another way, you're aimed above what OS X Server typically provides here. Linux can probably get you very close, and there are higher-end hardware (such as the FC SAN) hardware and software solutions (such as OpenVMS) available.