No. You can use redirects for the media file (though it sometimes causes trouble so you need to be cautious about it) but the URL must have the media file extension - e.g. .mp3 - or iTunes won't recognize it as a media file and won't display the episode at all.
As to tracking downloads, Apple's help site mentions this:
http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/specs.html#tracking
but from what you say it probably won't help you. If you submit your feed to Feedburner and have it submit its version to iTunes, it can provide tracking by referring the files through Google Feedproxy: however it's been reported that this can cause problems so again you may want to be cautious.