Can I sync my 5G iPhone with a Toshiba tablet running an Andriod 4.2.2 Jelly Bean operating system?

Sync to do what? If you want to tether the tablet through your iPhone for Internet connection, then you can probably do so if your cell plan offers tethering. See:

http://support.apple.com/kb/TS2756

Otherwise, the answer is probably "no", at least not directly, though depending on what you wish to accomplish there may be cloud-based services you could use.

Regards.