Firefox not visible because of a phantom display
I have a 2010 iMac running 10.9.2
I have had a problem where Firefox started but nothing showed on the display. MIssion Control did not show that any extra displays were in use. Eventually I realised that a VGA adapter was plugged into the back of the iMac but was not connected to an active display. I unplugged the adapter and Firefox appeared on the main display.
It seems that Firefox was using this phantom display even though it was not recognised by Mission Control. The problem occurred after I moved Firefox to the VGA display and forgot to move it back to the main display. Evidently Firefox remembers which display was last used and will use it next time, even though the display is is no longer active. Other apps might have the same limitation.