Can you get a keylogger on an iPad?

Unless your iPad has been jailbroken, there will be no way anyone could get a keylogger into it nor operate one if they did. All you've done by going to this fake bank site is give the criminals your bank account information. You will of course need to work with your bank to keep close watch on your accounts, but otherwise you should be secure.

Regards.

... would like to once I know that my iPad is still totally secure?

Your iPad remains as secure as it has ever been, and you should have no fear of using it to do whatever it is you require.

Users are the weak link in an iPad's security - their actions or inactions, the passwords they choose, the wireless networks they're using, and the sites they visit all have security implications.

Nothing can be installed on an unmodified iPad that did not come from Apple. The most serious threat to your data security is phishing, which is what you succumbed to. It doesn't get any worse than that.

Other than to reveal the very approximate location of the wireless router you were using at the time, IP addresses themselves cannot be used to harvest any personal information.

+1. Another reason to not jailbreak your iPads!