There should never be a need to make a new Apple ID. If you do all of your apps will have to be purchased again and your music will be tied to the old Apple ID, so if you ever change computers you will have to either re-authorize it to the old ID or lose your music also. If you have changed your Apple ID email address you can just change it in your account settings and keep the same account: see: Change your Apple ID for instructions on how to change it.
To answer your direct question, if you change the Apple ID associated with your phone to a NEW one you will not lose your text (SMS messages), but you will not be able to continue message threads sent or received via iMessage. If you just change the email address of your EXISTING Apple ID you won't lose anything.