Q: did the first apple computers have a hard drive?

Nope.  Not until the Mac SE (http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_classic/specs/mac_se.html) did hard drives come standard on a Macintosh computer.  (Arguably, the Lisa/Mac XL had hard drives - but they tended to be options that were plugged in, later becoming standard.)

That's quite likely.  Look around for a box of 3.5" disks near the computer... they would have been used to boot the machine as well as house the word processor and its files.

The first Apple Computer also the Apple II is using 5,25" disks

Not At All. The 1984 Macintosh did not have a hard drive nor internal controller. The system would boot off of a low density floppy diskette (Either 400K or 800K), and depending on how much space you had left from all of the system software and applications, you could have had 400K or 200K available for all of your documents. Of course the printers were loud so that would create a mess in your office...

A pretty common upgrade is an external hard drive. These were huge and hooked in the back of the computer. It also eliminated the need for the diskette for the system software