NO. If you buy the phone in Japan, then all Japanese iPhones are carrier locked and the Japanese carriers will not unlock the phones, so no, you will not be able to use the phone with a Vietnam SIM card when you get back.
The warranty will not be valid for Vietnam either - iPhones are country specific, so if you buy the phone in Japan the warranty is only valid for Japan and nowhere else, so if you have a problem with the phone, you will need to get on a plane and take it back to Japan - no sending via mail is accepted. iPhone warranty IS NOT international, but country specific. This is due to the differing models in different countries.
Try and source an unlocked iPhone from Vietnam and if you can buy an unlocked phone there, then you can take it to Japan and use it there but not vice versa, because the Japanese carriers will not unlock the phones so you are then stuck with a phone that you can't use with another SIM card and no warranty.
Also be aware that sim free and unlocked are not the same thing. Unlocked means that it is unlocked and will remain so. SIM free means that the phone will lock to the first sim card that you put in it and if it is a Japanese sim card, say from Softbank, then they will not unlock the phone.
There have been others on this forum asking the same question about Japanese unlocking with no joy, so don't do it - it is not worth it and you will have wasted good money on a phone that you possibly will not be able to use outside Japan.