Can I delete or uninstall Perian from OS X Mavericks in system preferences?

Drag Perian from the /Home/Library/Preference Panes/ folder to the Trash and Empty. If you don't find it there, then look in the /Library/Preference Panes/ folder instead. Select it then CTRL- or RIGHT-click. Select Move to Trash from the context menu. Empty the Trash.

If your /Home/Library/ folder isn't visible:

Exposing the /Home/Library/ Folder

Pick one of the following methods:

A. This method will make the folder visible permanently. Open the Terminal application in your Utilities folder and paste the following at the command prompt:

chflags nohidden ~/Library

Press RETURN.

B. Click on the Desktop, press the OPTION (⌥) button, select Library from the Finder's Go menu.

C. Select Go To Folder from the Finder's Go menu. Paste the following in the path field:

~/Library

Press the Go button.