man diskutil
Spacebar to scroll down until you get to the CoreStorage section and then read. It's a chunk, but basically Core Storage is a logical volume manager, except unlike LVM/LVM2 on linux, this is apparently not open source. I'm not finding anything about it in Darwin/xnu. There's simply no way to by pass this, it's basically a file system on a file system (not technically correct but metaphorically correct), so the underlying "filesystem" or the metadata on each physical volume must be understood by some code to know how to assemble the PV's into LVG's and then LV's in order to even see the HFS+ volume to mount.
There appears to be a command 'diskutil cs revert' which should convert it from Core Storage back to a plain partition with HFS+ on it. I haven't tested this. There shouldn't be a negative consequence of it, but definitely have backups first. At this point the installer does not give us a choice, it will convert a plain partition HFS+ (non encrypted with FileVault 2) to a Core Storage volume which thus far isn't readable on Windows.